Research searches · 21 October 2026
Recent searches & remaining gaps
The collection grows through targeted searches as well as reader suggestions. These notes explain where the latest round looked, what it added and which questions still lack a verified source here.
28publication records added
20original texts reviewed
8abstract-only source checks
134records in the living collection
How this round was searched
We used exact frequency terms alongside biological endpoints, then followed references and continuing research groups from the earlier dossier. Recent work was sought explicitly, while older relevant leads remained eligible. Searches covered satellite-related bands, the 60 GHz region and oxygen-related endpoints, automotive radar, airport scanners, contemporary mid-band signals and higher-frequency membrane research.
Original papers were checked for what changed, the comparator, exposure conditions, important unchanged endpoints and publication notices. A record labelled “Original text reviewed” means its methods and results were read; it is not a quality rating or an independent replication. Abstract-only checks are labelled separately.
The purpose remains to make effects-finding research easier to locate. This search was not a systematic review of all outcomes or an overall safety assessment. Where we could not verify an eligible study, that describes the result of this search—not proof that no study exists.
Targeted follow-up
Satellite-related bands
New 18 GHz membrane experiments and two 2026 studies at 27.5 GHz now sit alongside the older literature. The 10 GHz skin experiment is adjacent-frequency context. These records test laboratory exposures; no original study of health outcomes from Starlink or another satellite constellation was verified in this pass.
Open the full research route →Targeted follow-up
The 60 GHz region
The search found gene-expression, membrane, sensory-neuron and thermal-injury research. These endpoints answer different questions. No eligible newer experiment demonstrating impaired oxygen uptake or haemoglobin binding at 60 GHz was verified; none of these additions should be described as demonstrating that mechanism.
Open the full research route →Targeted follow-up
Radar-related frequency research
Two companion papers report cellular effects during 75–105 GHz sweeps. They share a research group and cell system and are not independent replications. No additional modern biological-outcome experiment reproducing an automotive FMCW radar exposure was verified. A separate 95 GHz burn study is available through the exposure index.
Open the full research route →Targeted follow-up
Scanner-related laboratory research
Human warmth and pain thresholds at 28 GHz extend the collection’s skin and eye experiments. These are high-intensity laboratory protocols. No eligible study directly reporting health outcomes from screening passengers or scanner staff was verified.
Open the full research route →Targeted follow-up
Higher-frequency membranes and mitochondria
Recent work at 100 GHz and 290 GHz adds measured membrane and mitochondrial responses. One experiment includes a 480 GHz comparison, whose null result remains with that study. Cancer-cell selectivity is kept explicit. These are not experiments with a final 6G standard.
Open the full research route →Targeted follow-up
Contemporary mid-band and developmental research
Additional records cover prenatal kidney findings, sensory neurons, microglia, thyroid responses and mosquito development. Actual 5G-modulated signals are distinguished from continuous waves and GSM-like pulses. Incomplete dosimetry, heating and shared research programmes remain visible.
Open the full research route →Reproducing the database searches
Frequency terms in titles and abstracts can miss experiments whose exposure details appear only in the methods. We supplemented these searches with broader discovery, publisher pages and reference tracing. The queries below document the database part of the work. A retrieved record is a search lead, not an accepted study or a full-text review.
Europe PMC queries and retrieved metadata
60ghz
215 metadata records retrieved on 21 October 2026.
(TITLE_ABS:"60 GHz" OR TITLE_ABS:"60.4 GHz" OR TITLE_ABS:"60.42 GHz" OR TITLE_ABS:"61.22 GHz") AND FIRST_PDATE:[2015-01-01 TO 2026-10-21]
Run this search at Europe PMC ↗sat-ku
192 metadata records retrieved on 21 October 2026.
(TITLE_ABS:"10 GHz" OR TITLE_ABS:"10.7 GHz" OR TITLE_ABS:"12 GHz" OR TITLE_ABS:"12.5 GHz" OR TITLE_ABS:"14 GHz" OR TITLE_ABS:"14.5 GHz" OR TITLE_ABS:"15 GHz") AND (biological OR cells OR rats OR mice OR oxidative) AND FIRST_PDATE:[2015-01-01 TO 2026-10-21]
Run this search at Europe PMC ↗sat-ka
509 metadata records retrieved on 21 October 2026.
(TITLE_ABS:"18 GHz" OR TITLE_ABS:"19 GHz" OR TITLE_ABS:"20 GHz" OR TITLE_ABS:"27.5 GHz" OR TITLE_ABS:"28 GHz" OR TITLE_ABS:"30 GHz") AND (exposure OR radiation) AND FIRST_PDATE:[2015-01-01 TO 2026-10-21]
Run this search at Europe PMC ↗radar
76 metadata records retrieved on 21 October 2026.
(TITLE_ABS:"75 GHz" OR TITLE_ABS:"76 GHz" OR TITLE_ABS:"77 GHz" OR TITLE_ABS:"79 GHz" OR TITLE_ABS:"81 GHz" OR TITLE_ABS:"94 GHz" OR TITLE_ABS:"95 GHz") AND (biological OR skin OR eyes OR cornea OR cells OR neurons) AND FIRST_PDATE:[2015-01-01 TO 2026-10-21]
Run this search at Europe PMC ↗oxygen
15 metadata records retrieved on 21 October 2026.
(TITLE_ABS:"millimeter wave" OR TITLE_ABS:"millimetre wave" OR TITLE_ABS:"60 GHz") AND (hypoxia OR hemoglobin OR haemoglobin OR TITLE_ABS:"oxygen uptake" OR TITLE_ABS:"oxygen transport" OR TITLE_ABS:"oxygen consumption")
Run this search at Europe PMC ↗scanners
226 metadata records retrieved on 21 October 2026.
(TITLE_ABS:"body scanner" OR TITLE_ABS:"airport scanner" OR TITLE_ABS:"security scanner" OR TITLE_ABS:"passenger screening") AND (biological OR health OR cells OR genotoxic OR radiation)
Run this search at Europe PMC ↗midband
94 metadata records retrieved on 21 October 2026.
(TITLE_ABS:"3.5 GHz" OR TITLE_ABS:"3500 MHz") AND (oxidative OR reproductive OR neurological OR biological OR cells) AND FIRST_PDATE:[2020-01-01 TO 2026-10-21]
Run this search at Europe PMC ↗mmwave
181 metadata records retrieved on 21 October 2026.
(TITLE_ABS:"26 GHz" OR TITLE_ABS:"26.5 GHz" OR TITLE_ABS:"28 GHz" OR TITLE_ABS:"35 GHz" OR TITLE_ABS:"39 GHz" OR TITLE_ABS:"40 GHz") AND (skin OR ocular OR reproductive OR biological OR cells) AND FIRST_PDATE:[2020-01-01 TO 2026-10-21]
Run this search at Europe PMC ↗subthz
256 metadata records retrieved on 21 October 2026.
(TITLE_ABS:"100 GHz" OR TITLE_ABS:"120 GHz" OR TITLE_ABS:"140 GHz" OR TITLE_ABS:"150 GHz" OR TITLE_ABS:"220 GHz" OR TITLE_ABS:"300 GHz" OR TITLE_ABS:"0.1 THz" OR TITLE_ABS:"0.2 THz" OR TITLE_ABS:"0.3 THz") AND (biological OR cells OR exposure OR radiation) AND FIRST_PDATE:[2020-01-01 TO 2026-10-21]
Run this search at Europe PMC ↗sat-direct
41 metadata records retrieved on 21 October 2026.
TITLE_ABS:(Starlink OR "satellite communication" OR "satellite radiation") AND TITLE_ABS:(biological OR health OR exposure OR wildlife)
Run this search at Europe PMC ↗The website and the dated review
The new records are included in the topic, author and exposure indexes, the current CSV register, the machine-readable catalogue and individual plain-text records. Related publications are cross-linked; a publication count is not a count of independent experiments. The October 2026 PDF remains its original 79-record edition.
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