Technology & frequency research
Explore biological experiments at 100–290 GHz, including a study with a 480 GHz comparison. Older work at much higher terahertz frequencies is shown separately. These are investigations of biological responses, not tests of a final 6G standard.
Understanding which cells respond, and which do not, is essential when investigating a biological effect. These experiments linked cancer-cell injury to membrane and mitochondrial changes, while the fibroblast comparator remained largely unchanged. The selective response is part of the finding, not a detail to leave out.
A membrane’s physical state affects how it works. This recent experiment measured that state during exposure and compared results at calibrated temperatures. It gives higher-frequency research a concrete cellular endpoint, while leaving the health significance and relevance of the experimental temperatures unresolved.
Mitochondria supply energy for much of a cell’s work. This study examined their membranes and function together, reporting structural changes and reduced components of respiration after exposure. It is a useful mechanistic finding to investigate beyond a simple live-or-dead cell count.
Comparing human and animal cells can reveal differences in susceptibility. This experiment investigates proliferation, DNA-damage markers and cell death at a precisely identified sub-terahertz frequency.
Tissue condition changes how energy is absorbed. This experiment observes drying of the eye surface during a high-power exposure, alongside measurements intended to improve dosimetry.
Molecular experiments help identify how a higher-frequency field might interact with cells. This study links gene-expression changes to a measured transcription-factor response.
Historical mechanism research
These source frequencies lie well above 90–300 GHz. They are shown separately so their broader mechanistic interest is clear.
Earlier terahertz experiments can reveal mechanisms worth following. This work belongs in that history, with its much higher frequencies made visible so readers can judge its relevance.