WEB-052Original abstract reviewed
3.5 GHz: oxidative and apoptotic responses in sensory neurons
The reported finding
Viability decreased and ROS, Bax, caspase-3 and cytochrome-c responses increased, especially at 12–24 h; Bcl-2 decreased.
Reading it carefully
Original abstract only; complete dose and methods unverified. GSM-like modulation is explicitly not 5G NR. No human clinical or hypersensitivity mechanism is established.
Inside the study
Technology connection
Relevant carrier-frequency research; the record distinguishes actual 5G modulation from other laboratory waveforms.
Publication type
Original journal research
Exposure conditions
3.5 GHz GSM-like pulses, 217 Hz, approximately 12.5% duty; 1–24 h. Abstract reports 37°C with <0.1°C between-group difference; numerical SAR not supplied.
Design & controls
Primary mouse dorsal-root-ganglion cultures in a GTEM setup; blinded imaging of viability, ROS and apoptotic markers.
Statistics
See the original results; effect sizes were not independently recalculated.
Related research & shared cohorts
Bektas sensory-neuron programme; author overlap alone does not establish independent replication.
The protection question raised
Which exposure conditions reproduce this finding, and what would establish its relevance beyond the experimental model?
Source verification
Original abstract and bibliographic identity reviewed; full methods, dosimetry and statistics not audited.
Where to find the result
Original abstract
Editorial notices
Linked Europe PMC/PubMed notice fields checked 21 October 2026; no correction/retraction surfaced for this record. Publisher/citation screening is not exhaustive.
Funding
Not established from the retrieved original abstract.
Conflicts of interest
Not established from the retrieved original abstract.
Original publication
Hava Bektas; Ayse Seker; Ramazan Ustun; Semih Dogu. Neurotoxic effects of 3.5 GHz GSM-like RF exposure on cultured DRG neurons: a mechanistic insight into oxidative and apoptotic pathways. International journal of radiation biology. 2026. doi:10.1080/09553002.2026.2617592.