WEB-045Original abstract reviewed
95 GHz: burn severity and exposure depth in skin
The reported finding
Superficial, partial- and full-thickness burn thresholds differed between frequencies, consistent with different penetration depths.
Reading it carefully
Original abstract only; deliberate high-power overexposure. The 95 GHz arm is adjacent-frequency radar/scanner context, not a 77 GHz car-radar or passenger-scanner experiment.
Inside the study
Technology connection
Frequency-specific laboratory biology; experimental intensity, heating and biological model determine interpretation.
Publication type
Original journal research
Exposure conditions
Five-second exposures: 8.2 GHz at 4–30 W/cm² and 95 GHz at 2–15 W/cm².
Design & controls
Swine skin; graded burns, biopsies at 1–168 h and assessment of 20 histological factors; thermal modelling.
Statistics
See the original results; effect sizes were not independently recalculated.
The protection question raised
Which exposure conditions reproduce this finding, and what would establish its relevance beyond the experimental model?
Source verification
Original abstract and bibliographic identity reviewed; full methods, dosimetry and statistics not audited.
Where to find the result
Original abstract
Editorial notices
Linked Europe PMC/PubMed notice fields checked 21 October 2026; no correction/retraction surfaced for this record. Publisher/citation screening is not exhaustive.
Funding
Not established from the retrieved original abstract.
Conflicts of interest
Not established from the retrieved original abstract.
Original publication
J E Parker; J W Butterworth; R A Rodriguez; C J Kowalczewski; R J Christy; W B Voorhees; J A Payne; J N Whitmore. Thermal damage to the skin from 8.2 and 95 GHz microwave exposures in swine. Biomedical physics & engineering express. 2024. doi:10.1088/2057-1976/ad488e.