# WEB-045 — 95 GHz: burn severity and exposure depth in skin

Why this matters
Strong radiofrequency exposure can injure tissue, and frequency changes where energy is deposited. These experiments measured burn severity and followed the tissue over time. They supply injury-threshold data, with exposure levels that must remain conspicuous beside the results.

Id: WEB-045

Author: Parker et al.

Full Authors: J E Parker; J W Butterworth; R A Rodriguez; C J Kowalczewski; R J Christy; W B Voorhees; J A Payne; J N Whitmore

Year: 2024

Title: Thermal damage to the skin from 8.2 and 95 GHz microwave exposures in swine

Journal: Biomedical physics & engineering express

Citation: J E Parker; J W Butterworth; R A Rodriguez; C J Kowalczewski; R J Christy; W B Voorhees; J A Payne; J N Whitmore. Thermal damage to the skin from 8.2 and 95 GHz microwave exposures in swine. Biomedical physics & engineering express. 2024. doi:10.1088/2057-1976/ad488e.

Doi: 10.1088/2057-1976/ad488e

Pmid: 38718784

Topic: Skin injury and inflammation; Millimetre-wave thermal thresholds

Verification Group: Original abstract reviewed

Record Role: Original abstract reviewed

Featured: False

Exposure: Five-second exposures: 8.2 GHz at 4–30 W/cm² and 95 GHz at 2–15 W/cm².

Design: Swine skin; graded burns, biopsies at 1–168 h and assessment of 20 histological factors; thermal modelling.

Finding: Superficial, partial- and full-thickness burn thresholds differed between frequencies, consistent with different penetration depths.

Statistics: See the original results; effect sizes were not independently recalculated.

Boundary: Original abstract only; deliberate high-power overexposure. The 95 GHz arm is adjacent-frequency radar/scanner context, not a 77 GHz car-radar or passenger-scanner experiment.

Protection Question: Which exposure conditions reproduce this finding, and what would establish its relevance beyond the experimental model?

Access: Original abstract and bibliographic identity reviewed; full methods, dosimetry and statistics not audited.

Locator: Original abstract

Notice: Linked Europe PMC/PubMed notice fields checked 21 October 2026; no correction/retraction surfaced for this record. Publisher/citation screening is not exhaustive.

Funding: Not established from the retrieved original abstract.

Conflicts: Not established from the retrieved original abstract.

Source Url: https://doi.org/10.1088/2057-1976/ad488e

Retrieval Links: https://doi.org/10.1088/2057-1976/ad488e | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38718784/

Verification Date: 2026-10-21

Discovery Id: TARGETED-20261021-18

Technology Tracks: millimetre

Technology Connection: Frequency-specific laboratory biology; experimental intensity, heating and biological model determine interpretation.

Publication Type: Original journal research

Study Setting: Animals

Browse Categories: cells