Sperm and testicular findings across rodent RF experiments

What this paper brings together

A review of 88 eligible rodent studies, with searches through December 2025; reported frequencies 800–24,000 MHz and SARs 0.014–34 W/kg.

The authors’ synthesis or proposal

The authors identify oxidative and reproductive alterations in subsets of studies, including sperm and testicular endpoints. Their synthesis describes plausible biological signals while finding no uniform causal interpretation across the literature.

Reading the connections carefully

Housing, allocation, blinding, dosimetry and outcome assessment were recurrent uncertainties. This is animal evidence with heterogeneous, often subchronic exposures, not an estimate of human infertility. Some publisher/search summaries show 89 studies; the current PubMed abstract states 88, which is used here.

Study records to read alongside

These are topical connections within this library. A link does not mean the review cited this particular paper or independently confirmed its result.

• RF-006 Reduced sperm function and oxidative DNA damage in vitro
• RF-022 Reproductive endpoints at 3.5 and 24 GHz
• RF-044 Prenatal 3.5 GHz exposure and delayed testicular endpoints: retrieval lead
• RF-008 Cell-stage differences plus transient mature-sperm DNA damage and motility loss
• RF-046 Oxidative mitochondrial DNA markers in primary cortical neurons