WEB-020Original abstract reviewed
Immune modulation during 61.22 GHz exposure in treated mice
The reported finding
TNF-α, IFN-γ and T-cell proliferation increased; IL-10 and B-cell proliferation did not change.
Reading it carefully
Original abstract only; recovery/immune-modulation model, not demonstrated harm. Drug co-exposure and high superficial dose prevent direct extrapolation to WiGig or healthy people.
Inside the study
Technology connection
60 GHz-region experiment; not a test of a WiGig device or an oxygen-deprivation mechanism.
Publication type
Original journal research
Exposure conditions
61.22±0.2 GHz nose exposure; peak skin SAR 885±100 W/kg, peak density 31±5 mW/cm²; 30 min/day for 3 days; maximum nose warming about 1°C.
Design & controls
Mice receiving cyclophosphamide; macrophage, splenocyte and lymphocyte assays after treatment.
Statistics
See reported finding and original tables; effect sizes not independently recalculated.
The protection question raised
Which exposure conditions and biological models reproduce this response, and what would establish its relevance to health?
Source verification
Original abstract and bibliographic metadata checked; full methods and dosimetry not audited.
Where to find the result
Original abstract; methods verification incomplete
Editorial notices
Linked notice fields in retrieved Europe PMC/PubMed records checked 21 October 2026; no correction or retraction surfaced there. Publisher-history and forward-citation screening are not exhaustive.
Funding
Not established from retrieved original abstract.
Conflicts of interest
Not established from retrieved original abstract.
Original publication
V R Makar; M K Logani; A Bhanushali; S I Alekseev; M C Ziskin. Effect of cyclophosphamide and 61.22 GHz millimeter waves on T-cell, B-cell, and macrophage functions. Bioelectromagnetics. 2006. doi:10.1002/bem.20230.