WEB-006Original abstract reviewed
DNA fragmentation in boar sperm exposed to mobile-frequency fields
The reported finding
DNA fragmentation increased at all three frequencies; membrane damage also increased at 3.5 GHz.
Reading it carefully
Original abstract only; dosimetry and temperature methods not fully audited. Isolated semen and continuous carriers do not establish fertility effects from 5G traffic in people.
Inside the study
Technology connection
Relevant mobile-frequency experiment; waveform and dose described in this record.
Publication type
Original journal research
Exposure conditions
Continuous 700, 2500 or 3500 MHz; 10 V/m; 2 h in a transverse electromagnetic cell.
Design & controls
Semen from 12 boars split into paired exposed/control aliquots; DNA fragmentation, membrane integrity and mitochondrial assays.
Statistics
See reported finding and original tables; effect sizes not independently recalculated.
The protection question raised
Which exposure conditions and biological models reproduce this response, and what would establish its relevance to health?
Source verification
Original abstract and bibliographic metadata checked; full methods and dosimetry not audited.
Where to find the result
Original abstract; methods verification incomplete
Editorial notices
Linked notice fields in retrieved Europe PMC/PubMed records checked 21 October 2026; no correction or retraction surfaced there. Publisher-history and forward-citation screening are not exhaustive.
Funding
Not established from retrieved original abstract.
Conflicts of interest
Not established from retrieved original abstract.
Original publication
Ivan Butković; Silvijo Vince; Martina Lojkić; Ivan Folnožić; Suzana Milinović Tur; Marinko Vilić; Krešimir Malarić; Velimir Berta; Marko Samardžija; Mario Kreszinger; Ivona Žura Žaja. Effects of 5G radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation on indicators of vitality and DNA integrity of in vitro exposed boar semen. Theriogenology. 2024. doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.09.025.