Reviews / Search notes
How the review collection was assembled
A dated record of the scope, selection and source checks behind this separate collection.
Purpose and dates
This collection deliberately selects reviews and proposed mechanisms that identify biological effects, raise health or environmental concerns, or examine evidence underlying those concerns. It covers papers first published from 1 January 2019 to 21 October 2026. It is an extensive selective discovery exercise, not a comprehensive systematic review of the whole literature or a safety verdict.
Search routes
Discovery began with Martin Pall and expanded to other authors, topics and citation trails. Searches covered radiofrequency and low-frequency fields, cancer, reproduction, development, electrohypersensitivity, wildlife, oxidative stress, ion channels, millimetre waves and terahertz mechanisms. Public research-library sites supplied leads; inclusion summaries were checked against original journal records or PubMed/Europe PMC.
Broad discovery searches can retrieve engineering papers, therapeutic applications, protocols and unrelated authors with similar names. Their search-hit totals are not counts of eligible reviews. Some broad searches were capped; targeted tracks and source follow-up supplemented them. No claim of an exhaustive bibliography is made.
Recorded Europe PMC searches
pall
5 search hits; 5 metadata records retrieved.
AUTH_LAST:Pall AND (electromagnetic OR microwave OR calcium) AND FIRST_PDATE:[2019-01-01 TO 2026-10-21]
broad
3125 search hits; 1000 metadata records retrieved.
(TITLE_ABS:radiofrequency OR TITLE_ABS:electromagnetic OR TITLE_ABS:millimeter OR TITLE_ABS:millimetre) AND (TITLE:review OR TITLE:meta-analysis OR TITLE:mechanism) AND FIRST_PDATE:[2019-01-01 TO 2026-10-21]
authors
190 search hits; 190 metadata records retrieved.
(AUTH_LAST:Lai OR AUTH_LAST:Panagopoulos OR AUTH_LAST:Belpomme OR AUTH_LAST:Hardell OR AUTH_LAST:Yakymenko OR AUTH_LAST:Mevissen OR AUTH_LAST:Schuermann OR AUTH_LAST:Levitt OR AUTH_LAST:Moskowitz OR AUTH_LAST:Kostoff OR AUTH_LAST:Halgamuge) AND (electromagnetic OR radiofrequency OR wireless OR millimeter) AND FIRST_PDATE:[2019-01-01 TO 2026-10-21]
rf-reviews
1020 search hits; 1020 metadata records retrieved.
(TITLE:radiofrequency OR TITLE:"radio-frequency" OR TITLE:wireless OR TITLE:"millimeter wave" OR TITLE:"millimetre wave") AND (PUB_TYPE:review OR TITLE:review OR TITLE:meta-analysis OR TITLE:mechanism) AND (health OR biological OR cancer OR fertility OR oxidative OR genotoxic OR wildlife) AND FIRST_PDATE:[2019-01-01 TO 2026-10-21]
emf-harm
68 search hits; 68 metadata records retrieved.
TITLE:electromagnetic AND (PUB_TYPE:review OR TITLE:review OR TITLE:meta-analysis OR TITLE:mechanism) AND (TITLE:health OR TITLE:oxidative OR TITLE:genetic OR TITLE:genotoxic OR TITLE:fertility OR TITLE:hypersensitivity OR TITLE:cancer OR TITLE:children OR TITLE:environment OR TITLE:insect) AND FIRST_PDATE:[2019-01-01 TO 2026-10-21]
mm-thz
81 search hits; 81 metadata records retrieved.
(TITLE:terahertz OR TITLE:millimeter OR TITLE:millimetre OR TITLE:5G) AND (TITLE:review OR TITLE:mechanism OR TITLE:meta-analysis) AND (biological OR health OR cellular OR adverse OR nonthermal) AND FIRST_PDATE:[2019-01-01 TO 2026-10-21]
ehs-eco
61 search hits; 61 metadata records retrieved.
(TITLE:electrohypersensitivity OR TITLE:"electromagnetic hypersensitivity" OR TITLE:electrosensitivity OR (TITLE:electromagnetic AND (insect OR wildlife OR plant))) AND (PUB_TYPE:review OR TITLE:review OR TITLE:meta-analysis) AND FIRST_PDATE:[2019-01-01 TO 2026-10-21]
Further discovery routes: Electromagnetic Radiation Safety and Environmental Health Sciences research library. Their summaries supplied leads; the linked scholarly publications are the sources for the entries here.
What is included
The first collection contains 36 papers. Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, scoping reviews, narrative reviews, consensus reports and proposed mechanisms are labelled individually. One secondary risk analysis is labelled as modelling. Papers whose substantive finding falls outside the concern-focused scope are not added for completeness. Mixed findings within included papers are retained where they affect interpretation.
Pall’s influential 2013 calcium-channel review and 2018 Wi-Fi review fall outside this collection’s requested dates. His 2021 millimetre-wave review, 2022 Alzheimer’s mechanism proposal, 2024 autism mechanism proposal and co-authorship of the 2021 biomarker report are represented. Replies to comments are linked with their parent paper rather than counted as separate reviews.
What was checked
15 entries have selected original-text passages checked alongside metadata and abstracts. The remaining 21 are based on original publication metadata and abstracts. These are labelled on every card and page. Selected-passage access is not a claim that every cited experiment or every sentence of the review has been independently audited.
Linked PubMed/Europe PMC correction, retraction and comment notices were checked. Known material corrections and disagreements appear on the relevant page. Indexing of notices can be incomplete, so readers should also consult the current publisher record. The 2025 animal-cancer review is described using its 2026 corrected abstract; the 2024 brain-tumour review’s affiliation correction is also linked.
Reading across studies without double counting
Several reviews can discuss the same experiment, cohort or research programme. A review adds interpretation, not another independent replication. Biological changes are not automatically clinical harm; a proposed pathway is not established causation. Exposure conditions remain essential when moving from cells or animals to people, or from a laboratory carrier frequency to a particular technology.
Links between review guides and study records are topical reading connections unless explicitly described as citations. They do not imply that a review cited a later experiment or that a study’s authors endorse a mechanism.
Reusable catalogues
Review catalogue (JSON) · Review indexes (JSON) · Download the review register
The PDF is a dated snapshot. The updated 21 October 2026 edition includes all 134 study records and these 36 review/mechanism guides; later web changes may require another update.