What this paper brings together
Reanalyses experimental animal cancer data using benchmark doses and low-dose extrapolation, and applies uncertainty factors to reproductive-toxicity findings.
The authors’ synthesis or proposal
Melnick, Moskowitz and ICBE-EMF derive proposed whole-body limits below current limits, linking their argument to a specified cancer-risk target and assumptions about daily exposure duration.
Reading the connections carefully
This is secondary modelling, not new exposure evidence. Numerical limits depend on animal-to-human extrapolation, linear low-dose assumptions, risk targets and uncertainty factors. They are proposed values, not measured human disease thresholds; the 2026 animal-review corrigendum should be read alongside.
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Study records to read alongside
These are topical connections within this library. A link does not mean the review cited this particular paper or independently confirmed its result.
Original paper
Ronald L Melnick; Joel M Moskowitz; International Commission on the Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields (ICBE-EMF). Exposure limits to radiofrequency EMF do not account for cancer risk or reproductive toxicity assessed from data in experimental animals. Environmental health : a global access science source. 2026. doi:10.1186/s12940-026-01288-6.
Authors: Ronald L Melnick; Joel M Moskowitz; International Commission on the Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields (ICBE-EMF)