Millimetre waves and skin: what the review found missing

What this paper brings together

Reviews approximately 99 publications on millimetre waves, skin and skin cells in the context of emerging 5G uses.

The authors’ synthesis or proposal

Leszczynski argues that the available skin literature is too limited to support confident health-policy conclusions and calls for stronger biological research before widespread deployment.

Reading the connections carefully

This is a review of available evidence and gaps, not a new skin experiment or demonstration of injury at typical 5G exposure. Frequencies, doses and study purposes differ across the underlying work.

Study records to read alongside

These are topical connections within this library. A link does not mean the review cited this particular paper or independently confirmed its result.

• WEB-032 60 GHz: eye injury under different temperature and humidity conditions
• WEB-033 60 GHz: skin-model injury thresholds and the limits of averaging
• WEB-040 28 GHz: altered pigment production in skin models
• RF-021 Changed cortical gene expression after a 5G signal
• WEB-038 27.5 GHz: early-life skin signalling and mast-cell responses