Gene-expression patterns after radiofrequency exposure

What this paper brings together

A 2025 review of gene-expression responses to RF exposure, including stress, repair and cell-signalling pathways.

The authors’ synthesis or proposal

Reviews RF-associated expression changes in genes involved in protein repair, oxidative responses, apoptosis, DNA damage responses and neural function; interprets the pattern as consistent with cellular stress.

Reading the connections carefully

Gene-expression changes are not equivalent to injury or a clinical diagnosis. Different biological systems and exposure conditions are combined without a single risk estimate.

Study records to read alongside

These are topical connections within this library. A link does not mean the review cited this particular paper or independently confirmed its result.

• RF-021 Changed cortical gene expression after a 5G signal
• WEB-028 60 GHz: gene expression, DNA folding and collagen deposition
• WEB-038 27.5 GHz: early-life skin signalling and mast-cell responses
• RF-009 Oxidative stress and reduced growth in human cell cultures
• WEB-049 100 GHz: mitochondrial membranes and cellular respiration