# WEB-012 — Corneal damage thresholds during high-power 28 GHz exposure

Why this matters
The eye is an important tissue to examine at higher frequencies. This experiment measures an injury threshold under a defined laboratory exposure.

Id: WEB-012

Author: Kojima et al.

Full Authors: Masami Kojima; Takafumi Tasaki; Toshio Kamijo; Aki Hada; Yukihisa Suzuki; Alfred Kik; Masateru Ikehata; Hiroshi Sasaki

Year: 2025

Title: Investigation of the Ocular Response and Corneal Damage Threshold of Exposure to 28 GHz Quasi-millimeter Wave Exposure

Journal: Health physics

Citation: Masami Kojima; Takafumi Tasaki; Toshio Kamijo; Aki Hada; Yukihisa Suzuki; Alfred Kik; Masateru Ikehata; Hiroshi Sasaki. Investigation of the Ocular Response and Corneal Damage Threshold of Exposure to 28 GHz Quasi-millimeter Wave Exposure. Health physics. 2025. doi:10.1097/hp.0000000000001951.

Doi: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001951

Pmid: 39787318

Topic: Ocular effects and corneal injury; Millimetre-wave thermal thresholds

Verification Group: Original abstract reviewed

Record Role: Original abstract reviewed

Featured: False

Exposure: 28 GHz local rabbit-eye exposure for 6 min; injury at 400 mW/cm²; estimated 50% damage threshold 359 mW/cm².

Design: Rabbit ocular-response experiment; corneal epithelial injury, oedema and opacity assessed.

Finding: Acute corneal damage occurred at high incident power; the authors estimated a dose-related injury threshold.

Statistics: See reported finding and original tables; effect sizes not independently recalculated.

Boundary: Original abstract only. High-power animal hazard experiment, not passenger-scanner or everyday 5G exposure. A matching carrier cannot establish equivalence of dose or waveform.

Related: Related Japanese ocular programme with WEB-021, WEB-022 and WEB-017.

Protection Question: Which exposure conditions and biological models reproduce this response, and what would establish its relevance to health?

Access: Original abstract and bibliographic metadata checked; full methods and dosimetry not audited.

Locator: Original abstract; methods verification incomplete

Notice: Linked notice fields in retrieved Europe PMC/PubMed records checked 21 October 2026; no correction or retraction surfaced there. Publisher-history and forward-citation screening are not exhaustive.

Funding: Not established from retrieved original abstract.

Conflicts: Not established from retrieved original abstract.

Source Url: https://doi.org/10.1097/hp.0000000000001951

Retrieval Links: https://doi.org/10.1097/hp.0000000000001951 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39787318/

Verification Date: 2026-10-21

Discovery Id: EML-MMW-002

Technology Tracks: millimetre|5g|scanners

Technology Connection: Millimetre-wave laboratory biology; frequency overlap does not demonstrate effects from a deployed system.

Publication Type: Original journal research

Study Setting: Animals

Browse Categories: cells