# WEB-010 — Sperm and offspring outcomes in a 3.5/24 GHz rat experiment Why this matters Fertility questions extend from sperm measurements to mating and offspring. This study followed those outcomes, while its small groups and unblinded assessments remain important to interpretation. Id: WEB-010 Author: Hairulazam et al. Full Authors: Atikah Hairulazam; Siti Fatimah Ibrahim; Khairul Osman; Mohd Helmy Mokhtar; Aini Farzana Zulkefli; Mohd Farisyam Mat Ros; Norazurashima Jamaludin; Syed Muhamad Asyraf Syed Taha; Sivasatyan Vijay; Zahriladha Zakaria; Amyrul Azuan Mohd Bahar; Farah Hanan Fathihah Jaffar Year: 2026 Title: Effects of 5G frequencies on sperm parameters, mating success, and offspring outcomes in rats Journal: The Indian journal of medical research Citation: Atikah Hairulazam; Siti Fatimah Ibrahim; Khairul Osman; Mohd Helmy Mokhtar; Aini Farzana Zulkefli; Mohd Farisyam Mat Ros; Norazurashima Jamaludin; Syed Muhamad Asyraf Syed Taha; Sivasatyan Vijay; Zahriladha Zakaria; Amyrul Azuan Mohd Bahar; Farah Hanan Fathihah Jaffar. Effects of 5G frequencies on sperm parameters, mating success, and offspring outcomes in rats. The Indian journal of medical research. 2026. doi:10.25259/ijmr_3658_2025. Doi: 10.25259/ijmr_3658_2025 Pmid: 42690869 Topic: Newer-frequency reproduction; Developmental reproductive effects Verification Group: Original text reviewed Record Role: Original text reviewed Featured: False Exposure: 3.5 or 24 GHz; 7 h/day for 60 days. 3.5 GHz antenna and 24 GHz presence detector; no verified NR waveform. Design: 18 male rats, six per group; 18 females for mating after day 46; sperm and pregnancy/birth observations. No blinding. Finding: Sperm concentration/motility decreased; selected pregnancy, live-birth, congenital-anomaly and birth-weight differences were reported. Statistics: See reported finding and original tables; effect sizes not independently recalculated. Boundary: Small groups; 24 GHz pregnancy difference involved one pregnancy; viability unchanged. Shared-cohort provenance with the UKM series unresolved; these findings do not establish effects from deployed 5G. Related: UKM cluster with RF-022 and WEB-009; possible overlapping animals/protocols. Protection Question: Which exposure conditions and biological models reproduce this response, and what would establish its relevance to health? Access: Original methods/results sections reviewed; no independent raw-data or supplement audit. Locator: Original results/methods sections Notice: Linked notice fields in retrieved Europe PMC/PubMed records checked 21 October 2026; no correction or retraction surfaced there. Publisher-history and forward-citation screening are not exhaustive. Funding: Funding statement not extracted in this source check; see the original publication. Conflicts: Conflicts of Interest None. Source Url: https://doi.org/10.25259/ijmr_3658_2025 Retrieval Links: https://doi.org/10.25259/ijmr_3658_2025 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42690869/ | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13541190/ Verification Date: 2026-10-21 Discovery Id: EML-5G-011 Technology Tracks: 5g Technology Connection: Relevant mobile-frequency experiment; waveform and dose described in this record. Publication Type: Original journal research Study Setting: Animals Browse Categories: reproduction