# RF-011 — Brainwave changes in a blinded human experiment

Why this matters
The brain's response differed depending on whether participants' eyes were open or closed. Because exposure and sham sessions were blinded, this is a useful objective observation. Whether these brainwave changes affect function remains unresolved; the recording itself does not show injury.

Id: RF-011

Author: Wallace et al.

Full Authors: Jasmina Wallace; Wendi Shang; Christophe Gitton; Laurent Hugueville; Lydia Yahia-Cherif; Brahim Selmaoui

Year: 2023

Title: Theta band brainwaves in human resting EEG modulated by mobile phone radiofrequency

Journal: international journal of radiation biology

Citation: Wallace J, Shang W, Gitton C, Hugueville L, Yahia-Cherif L, Selmaoui B. Theta band brainwaves in human resting EEG modulated by mobile phone radiofrequency. International Journal of Radiation Biology. 2023;99(10):1639-1647. doi:10.1080/09553002.2023.2187477.

Doi: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2187477

Pmid: 36867417

Topic: Brain activity and sleep

Verification Group: Original text reviewed

Record Role: Original text reviewed

Featured: True

Exposure: 900 MHz GSM; maximum reported 0.70 W/kg over 1 g, 0.49 W/kg over 10 g; about 25.5 minutes.

Design: 21 healthy adults; randomised counterbalanced double-blind crossover; interference checks.

Finding: Theta EEG power decreased with eyes open and increased with eyes closed during real versus sham exposure. Theta effects survived cluster-based multiple-comparison testing.

Boundary: Objective electrophysiology, not evidence of clinical injury. Formal FCC-compliance equivalence still requires the complete exposure definition.

Related: Secondary analysis of the earlier Wallace programme; publications from the same participants are one experiment.

Protection Question: What does this state-dependent brainwave response mean for function? Objective physiology can help define the question, but independent confirmation and a link to an adverse outcome remain missing.

Access: Full indexed article body reviewed

Locator: Methods b-c; Results b; Figures 5-6

Notice: Primary PubMed linked-notice record checked 20 Oct 2026; no correction, concern or retraction linked at check. This is not an exhaustive publisher-history certification.

Funding: Not established from retrieved material.

Conflicts: Not established from retrieved material.

Source Url: https://doi.org/10.1080/09553002.2023.2187477

Retrieval Links: https://doi.org/10.1080/09553002.2023.2187477 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36867417/

Verification Date: 2026-10-20