# REV-028 — Gene-expression patterns across terahertz experiments

Collection: Reviews & proposed mechanisms (not an original experiment)

Id: REV-028

Heading: Gene-expression patterns across terahertz experiments

Doi: 10.3390/genes15081045

Title: Non-Thermal Effects of Terahertz Radiation on Gene Expression: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Authors: Mactar Ndiaga Dione; Sen Shang; Qi Zhang; Sicheng Zhao; Xiaoyun Lu

Author: Dione et al.

Date: 2024-08-08

Kind: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Why: A shared pattern in gene activity can suggest a cellular response that no single small experiment would reveal.

Scope: A systematic review of 13 studies reported in 14 papers, including reanalysis of available transcriptomic data.

Summary: The review identifies stress-, immune- and inflammation-related gene-expression patterns after terahertz exposure. It discusses non-thermal interpretations but cannot identify a single reliable response gene or gene family.

Limitations: Methods and exposures were too heterogeneous for a strong combined quantitative conclusion. Gene-expression changes do not establish disease. Many experiments use terahertz bands well above proposed communications bands and cannot be applied directly to 6G exposure.

Topics: Gene expression; Cell stress; 6G research gaps

Exposures: Terahertz; Proposed 6G frequency context

Journal: Genes

Links: https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15081045; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39202405/; https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11354197/

Access Label: Original-text passages checked

Source Check: Primary metadata, abstract and selected original-text discussion/conclusion passages checked. Linked notice records checked on 21 October 2026.

Citation: Mactar Ndiaga Dione; Sen Shang; Qi Zhang; Sicheng Zhao; Xiaoyun Lu. Non-Thermal Effects of Terahertz Radiation on Gene Expression: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Genes. 2024. doi:10.3390/genes15081045.

Related Studies: RF-021; WEB-028; WEB-038; RF-009; WEB-049

Url: /reviews/rev-028/

Year: 2024

Record Type: review_or_mechanism

Source Url: https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15081045