# REV-019 — How wildlife and plants respond to natural and artificial fields

Collection: Reviews & proposed mechanisms (not an original experiment)

Doi: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0050

Title: Effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic fields on flora and fauna, Part 2 impacts: how species interact with natural and man-made EMF

Authors: B Blake Levitt; Henry C Lai; Albert M Manville

Date: 2021-07-08

Issueyear: 2022

Why: Human exposure limits cannot simply answer questions about species that use environmental fields for navigation and survival.

Summary: Part 2 of a three-part synthesis surveys magnetoreception and reported effects on orientation, migration, reproduction and survival across wildlife and plants; raises ecosystem-level concern.

Limitations: Broad narrative synthesis across taxa, frequencies and exposure contexts. Laboratory or species-specific effects do not establish population decline from a particular wireless network.

Scope: Part 2 of a wider flora-and-fauna series, surveying responses to natural and artificial EMF across species. First online 2021; journal issue 2022.

Exposures: Radiofrequency; ELF magnetic fields; Static fields

Journal: Reviews on environmental health

Heading: How wildlife and plants respond to natural and artificial fields

Id: REV-019

Kind: Narrative review

Topics: Wildlife; Plants; Navigation; Reproduction

Links: https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2021-0050; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34243228/

Author: Levitt et al.

Access Label: Abstract checked

Source Check: Original PubMed/EPMC metadata and abstract checked; full article not assessed. Linked PubMed/Europe PMC notice records checked on 21 October 2026; this is not a guarantee that every editorial update is indexed.

Citation: B Blake Levitt; Henry C Lai; Albert M Manville. Effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic fields on flora and fauna, Part 2 impacts: how species interact with natural and man-made EMF. Reviews on environmental health. 2021. doi:10.1515/reveh-2021-0050.

Related Studies: RF-006; RF-022; RF-044

Url: /reviews/rev-019/

Year: 2021

Record Type: review_or_mechanism

Source Url: https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2021-0050