# CTX-002 — The International Collaborative Animal Study of the carcinogenicity and genotoxicity of mobile phone radiofrequency radiation: the Korean study Why this matters The Korean arm also did not confirm the tumour findings, and its exposed and comparison animals had similar survival. That distinction prevents the Japanese survival issue from becoming an explanation for both results. Interpretation must account for this independent arm while preserving the differences from the original positive experiments. Id: CTX-002 Author: Hye Sun Kim Full Authors: Hye Sun Kim; Kang-Hyun Han; Yong-Bum Kim; Sang Bong Jeon; Ae-Kyoung Lee; Jung-Ick Moon; Hyung Do Choi; Katsumi Imaida; Masanao Yokohira; Mayumi Kawabe; Norio Imai; Jianqing Wang; Young Hwan Ahn Year: 2026 Title: The International Collaborative Animal Study of the carcinogenicity and genotoxicity of mobile phone radiofrequency radiation: the Korean study Journal: Toxicological Sciences Citation: Kim HS, Han KH, Kim YB, Jeon SB, Lee AK, Moon JI, Choi HD, Imaida K, Yokohira M, Kawabe M, Imai N, Wang J, Ahn YH. The International Collaborative Animal Study of the carcinogenicity and genotoxicity of mobile phone radiofrequency radiation: the Korean study. Toxicological Sciences. 2026;209(3):kfag001. doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfag001. Doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfag001 Pmid: 41546387 Topic: Replication and cohort context Verification Group: Replication and cohort context Record Role: Replication or cohort context Featured: False Exposure: 900 MHz CDMA-IS95A (1.25-MHz bandwidth), whole-body average SAR 4 W/kg in a reverberation chamber; gestational days 5-21, postnatal days 1-21, then 104 weeks post-weaning (postnatal days 22-749). Daily 18 h20 in 10-min on/off cycles, seven days/week (about 9 h10 RF-on). Design: Three groups: RF, identical chamber sham without RF, and standard cage control; 70 male Hsd:Sprague Dawley SD rats/group for the two-year study. Shared ICAS protocol with Japan; separately conducted and analysed. Finding: Separate Korean arm: 70 male rats/group; 900 MHz CDMA, 4 W/kg did not reproduce significant tumour/genotoxic changes. Survival 58.6% RF vs 54.3% sham at 104 weeks was comparable. Shared protocol with Japan; independently conducted/analysed. Boundary: Important reproducibility boundary; Japanese differential-survival caveat cannot be applied to Korean arm. No sweeping human-safety inference. Protection Question: How do the nonconfirming Korean results constrain the positive NTP inference? Comparable group survival rules out borrowing the Japanese survival explanation; exposure and protocol differences still require careful interpretation. Access: Primary methods/abstract/results and government BfS discussion reviewed; not full supplemental audit. Locator: Original Materials and Methods: RF exposure system; Animal assignment; RF exposure schedule and Figure 2B; 2-year study. Original results survival and tumour tables; final PDF p.14 disclosures. Notice: No editorial notice located in DOI/title checks on 2026-10-20; publisher notice-history audit not exhaustive. Funding: Korean-government MSIT/IITP grants RS-2024-00466966 and 2019-0-00102, with Japan MIC grant 0155-0094. Original final PDF p 14 states no actual/potential conflicts, no RF-technology commercial funding and no funder role in design, collection, analysis, interpretation, writing or submission decision. Conflicts: Authors declare no actual or potential conflicts; no RF-technology commercial funding. Source Url: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13017829/ Retrieval Links: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13017829/ | https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfag001 | https://academic.oup.com/toxsci/article/209/3/kfag001/8428133 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41546387/ Verification Date: 2026-10-20